- Carcinosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract: Immunohistochemical study on transitional area further supports the metaplastic origin.
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Chan Pil Park, Joo Seob Keum, Gu Kong, Moon Hyang Park, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(5):370-377.
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 Abstract
- Carcinosarcoma of the female genital tract, also called malignant mixed mullerian tumor (MMMT), is a rare and relatively aggressive tumor with various homologous and heterologous components. There have been various studies to find prognostic factors and to investigate the histogenesis, including tissue culture, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical studies. We investigated carcinomatous, sarcomatous, and transitional areas of 6 cases of carcinosarcoma of the uterus and ovary by using epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Immunohistochemical profiles of the transitional areas were significantly different from those of carcinomatous and sarcomatous areas. Immunoreactivities for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen (50% and 22.2%) were weaker than those of carcinomatous areas (95.2% and 100%), but stronger than those of sarcomatous areas (11.1% and 5.6%)(p<0.01). In transitional areas, vimentin, smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein were more strongly expressed than in carcinomatous areas, but more weakly expressed than in sarcomatous areas (p<0.01, p<0.01, and p=0.018, respectively). Myoglobin was entirely negative in carcinomatous areas and immunoreactive in minor portions of transitional and sarcomatous areas (22.2% and 16.7%, respectively). These results suggest that the transitional areas are between the carcinomatous and sarcomatous nature in differentiation, further supporting that the carcinosarcomas of the female genital tract may arise, through metaplastic change, from a type of carcinoma.
- Alteration of p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Hyperplastic Lesions and Adenocarcinomas of Uterine Endometrium - Immunohistochemistry and PCR-SSCP.
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Eun Kyung Kim, Chan Kum Park, Gu Kong, Moon Hyang Park, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(7):662-671.
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Abstract
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- To investigate the role of the p53 gene in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma and to study the relation between alteration of the p53 gene and histologic grade, the author studied the alteration of thep53 gene in hyperplastic lesions and adenocarcinomas of the uterine endometrium. The study was carried out with immunohistochemical stain and PCR-SSCP. The materials included ten cases of endometrial hyperplasia (five simple and five atypical complex) and 18 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of the p53 protein were found in one of five atypical complex hyperplasias (20%) and 11 of 18 adenocarcinomas (61.1%). The intensity of p53 overexpression appeared to have increasing tendency with higher histologic grade of adenocarcinomas.
Among the II cases of adenocarcinoma that overexpressed p53 protien, five cases (45.5%) were found to have mutations by PCR-SSCP. One was grade 1 (20%), two were grade 11 (25%), and two were grade III (40%). The sites of mutation were three exon 8, one exon 5, and one exon 6. In conclusion, alteration of the p53 gene may paly a role in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma and appears to occur as a late event in carcinogenesis.HHowever, inactivation of the p53 gene in early stage of tumor development cannot be excluded.
- Expressions of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, c-erbB-2 and p53 Protein as Useful Markers of Malignant Potential in a Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder.
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Gu Kong, Ki Yong Shin, Sun Jin Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Hae Young Park, Young Nam Woo, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(1):51-58.
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Abstract
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- Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary bladder shows marked heterogeneity in biological behaviors. Evidence has accumulated that biological markers may provide significant information to predict the potential aggressiveness of TCC. We have assessed the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins in 56 cases of TCC to investigate the prognostic significance of differential expression of these oncoproteins using an immunohistochemical method. We analysed the expression patterns of these oncoproteins according to tumor stage and grade. And we assessed the probability of progression-free survival in stage T1 tumors according to their expressions. Positive rates of EGF-R (>+3 staining intensity), c-erbB-2 (intense membrane staining) and p53 proteins (>20% positive cells) were 73.2%, 37.5% and 42.9%, respectively. Invasive tumors had significantly higher positive rates of all three factors than did superficial tumors (p<0.005 for EGF-R and c-erbB-2, p<0.05 for p53). High grade tumors had significantly higher positive rates of c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins (p<0.005). In superficial tumors, T1 tumors had higher positive rate of p53 protein compared with Ta tumors (p<0.05). Twelve cases of superficial tumors (34.3%) were positive for EGF-R and negative for c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins. Nine cases of superficial tumors(25.7%) were negative for all three factors. In invasive tumors, however, 42.5% of the cases were positive for all three factors. The overexpression of p53 protein was the only useful marker to predict the rapid progression in stage T1 tumors (p<0.05, log-rank test).
These results suggest that the differential overexpression of EGF-R, c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins could be useful to depict tumor aggressiveness of TCC of the urinary bladder.
And, the overexpression of a p53 protein may be a useful marker to predict the possibility of rapid progression in stage T1 tumors.
- Papillary Craniopharyngiona: A report of two cases.
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Gu Kong, Eun Kyung Hong, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(2):171-174.
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Abstract
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- Two cases of suprasellar papillary craniopharyngioma are presented. The tumors are exclusively composed of well-formed papillary squamous epithelium and show morphologic homogeneity. There is no palisading basal layer in squamous epithelium. Clinical and radiologic findings, exclusive occurrence in adult and lack of calcification, are much different from conventional craniopharyngioma.
Differences between papillary craniopharyngiom and conventional craniopharyngioma are discussed.
- Fine needle aspiration cytology of thymic carcinoid tumor: a case report.
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Gu Kong, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):142-147.
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Abstract
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- No abstract available.
- Cytologic features of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
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Gu Kong, Eun Kyung Kim, Eun Kyung Hong, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):62-66.
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Abstract
- Glassy cell carcinoma is an unusual neoplasm of the uterine cervix with highly aggressive clinical behavior. On cervico-vaginal smear examination, the tumor has well confused of atypical repair cell of the endocervix.
Recently, we have experienced two cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, diagnosed on cervico-vaginal smears and confirmed on following histologic sections. The cervico-vaginal smears revealed abundant clusters with well defined boarders. The cell clusters were composed of large tumor cells. The tumor cells had distinct granular cytoplasm and eosinophilic macronucleoli.
Characteristic cytologic features of this tumor were discussed in view of differential diagnosis.
- Cytologic Study of Sputum and Bronchial Secretions in Endobronchial Tuberculosis.
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Suek Yul Choi, Gu Kong, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1990;24(3):197-203.
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Abstract
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- Endobronchial tuberculosis is granulomatous inflammation of the bronchial mucosa characterized by bronchial ulceration due to caseous necrosis. There is a good chance to expectorate cellular components of granulomas in the sputum.
The author studied a cytologic series from 46 patients with endo-bronchial tuberculosis confirmed on fiberoptic bronchoscopic biopsy. The cytologic series consisted of 32 sputa, 41 washings, and 17 bronchial brushings, and were carefully screened for elongated epithelioid cells, Langhan's type giant cells, other multinucleated giant cells and caseous material. Elongated epithelioid cells were demonstrated in 9 sputa (28.1%), 30 bronchial washings (73.2%) and 11 brushing smears (64.7%). Langhans' giant cells were observed in two of 32 sputa (6.2%), six of 41 bronchial washings (14.6%) and four of 17 bronchial brushings (23.5%). The caseous materials were noted in 19 of 32 sputa (59.4%), 32 of 41 bronchial washings (78.0%), and 14 of 17 bronchial burshings (82.4%). It appeared that the pertinent cellular components of granulomas in sputa or bronchial secretions indicated a strong evidence of endobronchial tuberculosis of the lung.
- Cytologic Features of Endometral Papillary Serous Carchinoma.
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Gu Kong, Eun Kyoung Hong, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(2):121-128.
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Abstract
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- Endometrial papillary serous carcinoma (EPSC) is a distinct variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma that histologically resembles ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma and has an aggressive clinical course. Usually, the tumor is diagnosed at the advanced stage. The tumor has well confused with metastatic ovarian tumor of identical histology. Diagnosis of EPSC should be considered when the cervico-vaginal smear reveals numerous papillary clusters of tumor cells with macronucleoli and psammoma bodies.
Recently, we have experienced two cases of EPSC diagnosed on cervico-vaginal smears, which revealed characteristic cytologic features including numerous papillary clusters of tumor cells with macronucleoli. The cytologic diagnoses were confirmed on histologic sections.
- Cytologic Study of Thymoma.
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Gu Kong, Se Jin Jang, Jung Dal Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(1):36-42.
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- The fluoroscopy-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy has been gaining widespread acceptance as a rapid and effective method to make a pre-operative diagnosis of mediastinal tumors including thymoma, malignant lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma. Although thymoma is a most common tumor of the superior mediastinum, most cytopathologists are not experted in cytologic diagnosis of this tumor because of limited experience. In order to define the diagnostic cytologic features of thymoma, we have retrospectively reviewed imprinting smears and corresponding tissue sections from four cases of this tumor.
All cases revealed an apparent biphasic pattern of epithelial cell clusters and lymphocytes with occasional branching capillary fronds extending from three dimensional epithelial cell clusters. Epithelial cell clusters predominated in one case and lymphocytes in two cases. Mixed epithelial cell and lymphocyte type represented in one of four cases.
In the lymphocyte predominant type, the presence of epithelial cell clusters and small mature lymphocytes are helpful features to differentiate from a malignent lymphoma.
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